![]() ![]() ![]() Multivariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the dye composition of male and female hypobranchial glands (ANOSIM, P = 0.002), thus providing evidence for sex-specific genesis of Tyrian purple in the Muricidae. Intermediates tyrindoxyl, tyrindoleninone, and tyriverdin were detected in female hypobranchial glands, along with 6,6′-dibromoindigo, while males contained 6-bromoisatin and 6,6′-dibromoindirubin. The prochromogen, tyrindoxyl sulfate, was detected for the first time, by using this method in hypobranchial gland extracts of both sexes. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LQ-MS) method was developed to simultaneously quantify dye pigments and precursors in male and female Dicathais orbita. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of information on the biosynthetic routes leading to observed sexual differences in pigmentation. Exploitation of Tyrian purple from muricid molluscs, since antiquity, has prompted much interest in its chemical composition. ![]()
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